Asian Journal Of Social Pharmacy

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Research on the Joint Reformation for Public Health Services, Medical Insurance and Medical Production Circulation from the Perspective of System Science Shi Jiatong, Sun Lihua Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (3): 209-215.   Abstract （116）      PDF（pc） （427KB）（79）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the linkage points in the reform of public health services, medical insurance and medical production circulation and provide countermeasures for optimizing the reform. Methods The theory of system science was used to analyze the new emergent property of key linkage points in the main reform departments. Results and Conclusion The research found that four linkage points were not active, and all departments of the reform should strengthen their linkage in the following aspects. The departmental linkage in the decision-making mechanism should be strengthened, which requires to revise the assessment indicators of essential drugs in time, and carry out relevant policies. Besides, the linkage of various departments to supervise the use of medical insurance fund should be strengthened. Therefore, the National Health Commission (NHC) and National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) should play their supervisory roles. Lastly, the construction of adverse reaction data sharing platform should be improved. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress and Suggestions on China’s Drug Registration Management Based on CiteSpace Knowledge Maps Li Yuan, Wang Yijie, Wang Shuling Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (3): 216-224.   Abstract （102）      PDF（pc） （1593KB）（107）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the research status and hot spots in the field of drug registration in China, and to provide some suggestions for the follow-up research. Methods CiteSpace was used to conduct literature quantitative analysis on 684 related articles from 2012 to 2022, and the knowledge map was drawn. Based on this, the main characteristics and development trends of the related studies were summarized. Results and Conclusion The number of articles published was closely related to the regulatory policy of drug registration reform. The authors of these articles did not have good continuity. Besides, research hot spots were closely related to the actual work, which was mainly around the improvement of the review and approval policy, encouraging innovative drug research and development, improving the level of new drug development and other directions. The follow-up studies should further strengthen the continuity of research and inter-agency collaboration. In addition, biomedical registration may become a new research focus in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comparison of the Development Model of DTP Pharmacy between China and the United States and Its Enlightenment Li Yanli, Huang Zhe Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (2): 168-177.   Abstract （88）      PDF（pc） （940KB）（118）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To systematically analyze the development status of DTP pharmacy in the United States and China, and to find out the problems in China’s DTP pharmacy and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions. Methods Relevant literature was searched and reviewed to study the history, market scale and development trend of DTP pharmacy in the United States and China. Then, the problems in China’s DTP pharmacy were found out. Results and Conclusion DTP pharmacy model in the U.S. has taken shape and is maturing. The high degree of industry concentration is an important feature of the U.S. pharmacy. In contrast, China’s DTP pharmacy started late, and the industry pattern has not yet been finalized. There are still some problems in the DTP pharmacy certification and quality management. It is recommended to promote the rapid development of DTP pharmacies in China by encouraging the outflow of prescription drugs, establishing a third-party pharmacy accreditation organization and strengthening the team of licensed pharmacists and other personnel. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Construction of Pharmacovigilance System for Marketing Authorization Holders in China Zhao Jiali, Tian Lijuan Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (2): 106-116.   Abstract （85）      PDF（pc） （885KB）（118）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To provide suggestions for helping marketing authorization holders (MAHs) to develop an effective and compliant pharmacovigilance system. Methods The construction strategies of pharmacovigilance system of the multinational pharmaceutical companies were analyzed based on the requirements of regulations and laws. Results and Conclusion There are some gaps between local and multinational pharmaceutical companies in the construction of pharmacovigilance system. We can learn from the experience of multinational pharmaceutical companies to improve the pharmacovigilance system, which includes building a sound pharmacovigilance organizational structure, establishing a series of operational system files and cultivating professional talents. MAHs of China should improve the structure of enterprise pharmacovigilance system. Besides, members of Drug Safety Committee should be department managers with higher position so that they can fulfil the responsibilities of risk assessment. If MAHs possess a large variety and quantity of products, a Drug Safety Committee should be established to ensure the timely discovery of risks. In addition, MAHs should pay attention to the implementation of related regulations and laws on pharmacovigilance and establish compliant, effective and operatable files combing with the actual operation of pharmacovigilance system. Finally, MAHs should introduce and train pharmacovigilance talents, and hire pharmacovigilance experts as consultants to solve the problem of talent shortage. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Improving the Selection Model of Essential Medicines in China by Evidence-based Thinking Sun Huanzheng, Fan Jianing, Dong Li, Sun Lihua Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (2): 99-105.   Abstract （84）      PDF（pc） （789KB）（265）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To sort out the problems in the selection model of essential medicines in China, and to put forward some suggestions to optimize the selection model to ensure the rationality of the medicines in the essential medicines list. Methods The domestic and foreign literature on the selection of essential medicines was reviewed. Then, the opinions on the selection methods and results of essential medicines from foreign literature were investigated to make a comparison with the selection of essential medicines in China. Finally, the general and special laws of the selection process of the essential medicines were explored. Results and Conclusion It is recommended that the selection model of essential medicines in China should be further optimized, and the evidence-based thinking and methods should be utilized to enhance the scientific nature of the selection process. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development Trend and Prediction of Stem Cell Technology in China from the Perspective of Patent Liu Baijun, Fang Tingxiu, Liu Yue, Yuan Hongmei Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (3): 251-262.   Abstract （81）      PDF（pc） （4741KB）（39）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To provide new ideas for the effective treatment of many serious diseases and to solve many major medical problems faced by mankind. Methods In this paper, the invention patents in the field of stem cells in China from 2010 to 2020 were taken as the research object, and the technology status quo in the field of stem cells was analyzed to predict the future development direction through quantitative analysis method. Results and Conclusion The development of stem cell technology in China is in a period of growth with great potential. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the ability of Chinese universities to combine production, education and research. Nowadays, the hotspots in stem cell technology are using culture medium to improve cell proliferation ability, production efficiency, and to induce differentiated cells. Meanwhile, the production efficiency of embryonic stem cells should be improved, and the immunomodulatory effect of embryonic stem cells can be exerted to screen drugs. Besides, the function of hematopoietic stem cells should be enhanced and apply mesenchymal cells in therapy. Since the potential technological gaps are the improvement of therapy, induced differentiation and efficiency of pluripotent stem cells, the improvement of progenitor cell proliferation and the control of cost, we should strengthen R&D investment in culture medium, embryonic stem cells and other technical fields, and achieve the purpose of reducing R&D costs and improving R&D efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Threshold Effect of China’s Pharmaceutical Export Trade on Internal and External R&D Investment Qiao Jiahui, Song Yu, Gong Jingran, Chen Yuwen Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (2): 135-146.   Abstract （80）      PDF（pc） （2118KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the threshold effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry, and to provide reference for some pharmaceutical enterprises to improve the investment. Methods The panel data of pharmaceutical industry in 25 provinces and cities in China from 2009 to 2019 were selected to conduct empirical analysis by establishing a threshold regression model, and a better export trade interval was obtained. Results and Conclusion There is a threshold value for the effect of new product export on both internal and external R&D expenditures, and the threshold values are 845.278 8 million yuan and 318.419 8 million yuan, respectively. There is a single threshold effect of export trade on both internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry, and the effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment changes from negative to positive as the export trade develops from low to high. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Problems and Countermeasures of the Landing of Negotiated Drugs Hu Xiaoting, Chen Binbin, Dong Li, Sun Lihua Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (3): 225-231.   Abstract （74）      PDF（pc） （438KB）（57）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To provide reference for better landing of the negotiated drugs in the future. Methods Relevant data on the negotiated drugs in designated medical institutions and retail pharmacies from the website of the Medical Security Bureau was obtained, and then the allocation and problems of negotiated drugs were summarized and analyzed. Results and Conclusion The main problem for the landing of negotiated drugs is the difficulty of using them in medical institutions. First, there is a small number of designated medical institutions that can use some negotiated drugs. Second, the negotiated drugs vary greatly in the designated medical institutions. Lastly, some designated retail pharmacies do not supply the negotiated drugs. The difficulties in using the negotiated drugs can include subjective reasons and objective reasons. Retail pharmacies are not the official places where patients can use the negotiated drugs. Besides, if medical institutions do not supply and use negotiated drugs, it will pose a great risk to drug safety. Negotiated drugs should be used in designated medical institutions ultimately, which is conducive to safeguarding the rational drug use for patients. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comparison of the Development of CDMO at Home and Abroad and Its Enlightment to China Zhao Meng, Huang Zhe Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (3): 244-250.   Abstract （72）      PDF（pc） （794KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the development status of contract development manufacturing organization (CDMO) at home and abroad, and to make some suggestions for the development of CDMO in China. Methods The relevant literature was searched and reviewed, and the development status of CDMOs in the United States, France, Japan and China was compared from the aspects of market scale, development process, development focus, advantages and disadvantages, and policy support. Then, some suggestions for the development of CDMO enterprises in China were summarized. Results and Conclusion Through the comparison of CDMO development at home and abroad, it can be seen that China started CDMO late, there were many technical barriers and its globalization layout were not sufficient. However, the development trend was good and it focused on the field of chemical drugs and biological drugs to constantly develop innovative drugs. China needs to continuously improve its own technical capabilities to carry out innovative research. Therefore, cost reduction and efficiency increase will be the key elements for the development of CDMOs, and they are expected to have a rapid and comprehensive development in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Impact of the Centralized Drug Procurement Policy on China’s Pharmaceutical Enterprises Miao Li, Tian Lijuan Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (4): 351-360.   Abstract （72）      PDF（pc） （1127KB）（35）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the impact of the centralized drug procurement policy on pharmaceutical enterprises, and put forward some suggestions for improving China’s centralized drug procurement policy. Methods Through literature analysis and comparative research, the relevant policies and implementation effects from the “4 + 7” drug procurement pilot to the seventh batch of volume procurement were sorted out, and the impact of the procurement policy on pharmaceutical enterprises was analyzed. Results and Conclusion The centralized drug procurement policy has continuously improved the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in bidding, and the consistency evaluation work has been carried out well. However, there are also some problems, such as the reduction of enterprise profits, the difficulty of enterprise operation, the decline in the quality of winning drugs, and the insufficient innovation ability and the supply capacity of enterprises. In this regard, enterprises should reasonably control the cost of drugs to ensure the stable supply of winning drugs. Besides, enterprises should create brand effect for their timely transformation and development. While strengthening pharmaceutical innovation, they can change from low-level generic drug production to R&D innovation. The government should pay close attention to the impact of centralized procurement on the quality and efficiency of enterprise drugs. For instance, the government should improve the pricing rules for drug procurement and increase supervision of drug quality and supply. At the same time, it should give certain policy and financial support to enterprises’ technological innovation and talent introduction. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Suggestions on the Good Development of Pharmaceutical Cold Chain Logistics in China Wang Mingzheng, Wang Shuling Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (3): 263-271.   Abstract （70）      PDF（pc） （837KB）（80）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the characteristics and problems of the development of cold chain logistics in pharmaceutical industry, and to provide a reference for the development of China’s drug logistics. Methods Literature analysis was used to investigate the development of drug cold chain logistics, relevant laws and regulations, and policies in China. Then, the problems of industry development were summarized and some suggestions were put forward by referring to the mature concept of international drug cold chain logistics system. Results and Conclusion China’s cold chain logistics in pharmaceutical field is growing, but it is still in the development stage. By increasing government support, scientific research investment and professional training, the comprehensive strength of drug cold chain logistics can be improved to a certain extent, and the safety of drugs can be guaranteed for the people. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Drug Medical Insurance Access Pricing Based on the Perspective of Binary Equilibrium Zhang Junjun, Wang Shuling Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (2): 117-125.   Abstract （69）      PDF（pc） （882KB）（37）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the influencing factors in the process of national medical insurance negotiation and drug pricing from the dualistic equilibrium perspective, and to provide reference for the harmonious management of drug pricing in China. Methods Through the literature analysis and policy review, the pricing subject, pricing basis and price control system in the pricing process of medical-accessed medicines were analyzed from the perspective of binary equilibrium and harmonious management. Results and Conclusion It is found that four balances in the drug pricing process, two balances in pricing basis and three balances in price control system need to be considered, respectively. Drug pricing is the key content of national medical insurance access, which is also the hotspot of the policy in the pharmaceutical fields in recent years. Drug pricing not only reflects the value of drugs, but also reflects a lot of top-level designs of binary equilibriums in medical insurance policy. While the rational design of drug pricing requires the joint efforts of the government, pharmaceutical companies and relevant experts to comprehensively consider many equilibriums, so as to improve the relevant systems. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Countermeasures and Suggestions for Strengthening Human Resource Management in China’s Pharmaceutical Industry Sun Yuyuan, Wang Shuling Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (2): 202-207.   Abstract （68）      PDF（pc） （868KB）（83）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To provide reference and enlightenment for the development of human resource management in China’s pharmaceutical industry and to put forward some suggestions to promote the further development of pharmaceutical industry. Methods The method of literature review was used to analyze the current situation and existing problems of human resource management in China’s pharmaceutical industry. Results and Conclusion Only by continuously improving the human resource management skills and innovating management methods can pharmaceutical enterprises achieve long-term benefits with sustainable development. The formulation of human resource management strategy in pharmaceutical industry must be conducive to the realization of the business goals of enterprises. To achieve this overall goal, the human resources management department of enterprises must make the plan from a strategic perspective, formulate talent strategic planning which serves the overall strategic goal of the enterprise. As a result, human resource management will play an important role in the development of China’s pharmaceutical industry. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Suggestions on Improving China’s Breakthrough Therapy Designation System Wang Zuguang, Chen Yuwen Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (3): 232-236.   Abstract （67）      PDF（pc） （941KB）（39）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the characteristics of breakthrough therapy designation (BTD) and its implementation in China, and to provide reference for the optimization of BTD system. Methods A comparative research method was used to study the content and implementation effect of BTD system in China and the relevant policies and implementation of the same procedures of drug regulatory authorities in the United States, Japan and the European Union. Then, the differences in policies and implementation results among these countries were analyzed to provide suggestions for the implementation and optimization of this system in China. Results and Conclusion China’s BTD system is implemented late and a small number of drugs has been approved. At the same time, there are problems such as insufficient guidance and communication from the agency to applicants, a broad application condition, single review mode, and lack of full-time personnel. Both the agencies and the applicants have limited experience due to the short implementation time of BTD system in China. There are still some problems despite we have learned a lot from the experience of other drug regulatory agencies. Therefore, based on our national conditions, we should strengthen the guidance of evaluation agency to applicants, optimize the eligibility criteria of BTD system, introduce the rolling review, and increase the number of professional liaisons, which can accelerate the development and marketing process of drugs with obvious clinical value, and finally to address unmet medical need. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identifying and Managing Technical Risks in the Process of Innovative Drugs Development in China Diao Yuanyuan, Wu Zhiang Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (2): 126-134.   Abstract （66）      PDF（pc） （800KB）（36）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To identify technical risks in the process of innovative drug development, and to provide reference for technical risk management so as to reduce the uncertainties and improve the efficiency of research and development. Methods The initial risk index was investigated by literature research. Then, the Likert scale was used to design a questionnaire, and the experts’ opinion was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the different stages of the development of innovative drugs in China. Results and Conclusion Based on the analysis of questionnaire, 31 risk indicators of five key stages in the development of innovative drugs from drug discovery to marketing authorization were established. The key risk indicators constructed in this study can provide reference for technology-related risk management in the process of innovative drug development. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies on Clinical Efficacy of Icodextrin Peritoneal Dialysate Ren Hongyan, Wang Yaoling, Hui Xu, Li Xue, Zhao Kun, Huang Zhe Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (3): 279-290.   Abstract （65）      PDF（pc） （15368KB）（31）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the effect of real-world practices for icodextrin peritoneal dialysis solution on patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by Meta-analysis. Methods The PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched for real-world research literature on icodextrin peritoneal dialysate in the treatment of ESRD patients, and RevMan5.4 statistical software was used for Meta-analysis. Results and Conclusion 12 studies with 114 656 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that icodextrin peritoneal dialysis had good effects on mortality [RR = 0.72, 95% CI (0.62, 0.83), P < 0.001], congestive heart failure [RR = 0.67, 95% CI (0.52, 0.87), P = 0.003], and risk of new-onset diabetes [RR = 0.65, 95% CI (0.49, 0.86), P = 0.003], which was consistent with the Meta-analysis based on clinical trials. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in PD technical failure rate [RR = 0.67, 95% CI (0.44, 1.00), P = 0.05], peritonitis [RR = 1.02, 95% CI (0.99, 1.05), P = 0.14], cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases [RR = 0.79, 95% CI (0.59], 1.05), P = 0.10], coronary artery disease [RR = 0.99, 95% CI (0.92, 1.07), P = 0.80], stroke [RR = 0.86, 95% CI (0.66, 1.10), P = 0.23], and atrial fibrillation [RR = 0.73, 95% CI (0.37, 1.44), P = 0.36]. However, it might increase the risk of hypertension [RR = 1.05, 95% CI (1.03, 1.07), P < 0.001]. Therefore, icodextrin can effectively reduce the risk of mortality, congestive heart failure, and new-onset diabetes, which is beneficial to ESRD patients. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Comparative Analysis of the Control Effect of Medical Expenses between General Hospitals and Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospitals from 2012 to 2021 Song Yamei Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (3): 291-306.   Abstract （63）      PDF（pc） （5173KB）（44）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the changing trend of average medical expenses and structure in general hospitals and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospitals and the effects and differences achieved by the two kinds of hospitals through controlling unreasonable growth of medical expenses, so as to provide reference for controlling the rapid rise of medical cost in public hospitals and optimizing the cost structure. Methods Based on the changes of related indicators of medical expense control from 2012 to 2021, the overall characteristics, changes of cost structure and trends of medical expenses in general hospitals and TCM hospitals were investigated. Results and Conclusion From 2012 to 2021, the increase of medical expenses in general hospitals and traditional Chinese medicine hospitals had slowed down, the proportion of drug revenue to medical income began to decline, and the medical service income increased. However, the proportion of inspection, test and sanitary materials income has increased instead of decreasing, but the management cost has decreased. The two kinds of hospitals have achieved certain cost control results, the structure of medical cost has changed greatly, and the technical service and labor value of medical personnel have been reflected to a certain extent. However, it is still necessary to explore a more scientific and reasonable cost control mechanism to promote the further optimization of medical cost structure. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the Changes of Medical Income Structure in Government-run Hospitals of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2012 to 2021 Song Yamei Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (2): 178-190.   Abstract （63）      PDF（pc） （906KB）（33）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the changing characteristics and trend of medical income structure in the governmentrun hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), evaluate the effects of relevant reform measures, and to put forward corresponding suggestions for further optimizing their income structure. Methods The data related to the average medical income of government-run hospitals of TCM from 2012 to 2021 were sorted out. Then, descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the changes of related indicators. Besides, structural change method was applied to investigate the changes of outpatient income and inpatient income. Results and Conclusion From 2012 to 2021, the growth of medical income in government-run hospitals of TCM tended to be stable, and the proportion of medical service income increased from 22.62% (2012) to 29.38% (2021), but the average annual growth rate was only 0.68%. The main items that caused the change of outpatient income structure were medicine revenue, laboratory tests, diagnosis and treatment, and the cumulative contribution rate was 89.15%. The main items that caused the change of inpatient income structure were medicine revenue, sanitary materials, and auxiliary examinations income, with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.04%. However, the contribution rate of registration, diagnosis, treatment, surgery and nursing income reflecting the value of medical personnel’s technical labor was relatively small. The medical income structure of government-run hospitals of TCM underwent great changes and gradually became reasonable, but the medical service income increased slowly, and not all indicators achieved the expectations. To promote the sustainable development of public hospitals of TCM and enable them to provide high-quality and efficient TCM medical and health services, it is necessary to further improve the relevant policy mechanism. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Digital Transformation Trend of the Pharmaceutical Distribution Industry in the Context of New Infrastructure in China Gan Xingzhi Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (2): 159-167.   Abstract （61）      PDF（pc） （1533KB）（69）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the pharmaceutical distribution industry against the background of new infrastructure construction since it is vital to the health and life of the public, and to offer some suggestions to further improve the industry quality and achieve industry upgrading. Methods The national strategies for new infrastructure as well as the underlying logic for enterprise digital transformation were analyzed to provide the outlook on the digital transformation trend of the pharmaceutical distribution industry. Results and Conclusion In the future, the pharmaceutical distribution industry shall transform the pattern, channel, management and control, and experience in the entire business chain in a digital way by focusing on connection efficiency, data efficiency and decisionmaking efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application of Real-World Evidence in the Approval of Antitumor Drugs Shang Ya’nan, Huang Zhe Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (4): 311-318.   Abstract （61）      PDF（pc） （455KB）（61）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the information of real-world evidence (RWE) that can make up the deficiency of RCT results, the unfeasibility of some trials and the possible ethical problems, and to promote the approval of RWE for anti-tumor drugs. Methods Literature analysis, policy analysis and comparative analysis were used. Results and Conclusion The studies and application of RWE in the United States, the European Union, and China were reviewed. The approval of anti-tumor drugs supported by RWE was generally used for external control groups in single arm trials, clinical efficacy and safety of adjuvant support drugs, or background analysis. The types of approvals included innovative anti-tumor drugs, supplemented indications of the approved drugs, expanding patient population, and combination medication. This study can provide reference for the approval of anti-tumor drugs using RWE in China. It is recommended to combine traditional RCT with RWE to promote the approval of anti-tumor drugs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Evaluation Criteria and Rationality Analysis of Drug Utilization of Meropenem in a Tertiary Medical Institution in Beijing Zhang Qiming, Huang Zhe Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2025, 20 (1): 1-9.   Abstract （61）      PDF（pc） （386KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To establish a drug use evaluation (DUE) standard for meropenem in a tertiary medical institution in Beijing, and to analyze the use of meropenem for promoting the rational use of antibiotics. Methods A criteria of DUE of meropenem was established based on drug instructions, related guidelines and experts’ opinions. Then, 120 cases of meropenem use from January to December 2021 were selected to carry out a retrospective study. Results and Conclusion 120 cases of meropenem use involved 8 clinical departments, including 38 cases in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, 25 cases in the Department of Tuberculosis, and 20 cases in the Department of Gastroenterology. The detection rate of pathogenic microorganisms before first use was 79.17%, and the clinical treatment effectiveness rate was 81.67%. The irrational use of meropenem included poor grasp of usage indications, excessively high starting points, inappropriate usage and dosage, non-standard treatment courses, and excessive combination medication. Pharmacists should strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of carbapenem drugs such as meropenem, provide timely feedback on relevant situations, and promote rational clinical medication. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Technical Intelligence of Tumor Cell Therapy Based on Patent Map Liu Yue, Zeng Yingying, Li Xue, Yuan Hongmei Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (2): 191-201.   Abstract （59）      PDF（pc） （4740KB）（30）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the technical information in the field of tumor cell therapy in China, and to provide reference for identifying technical trends and predicting technical opportunities. Methods Based on the patent data in the field of tumor cell therapy in China, the patent map method was used to construct a scientific technical information analysis model. Then, the technical status of new drug research and development in this field was explored to identify technical opportunities. Results and Conclusion Studies have found that China’s tumor immunotherapy is in the growth stage. The technical innovation regions are mainly distributed in the east and innovative entities are enterprises. Technology hotspots are concentrated in areas such as A61P35, C12N5, and the patented technical efficacy is high. Besides, the technical research and development opportunities identified are closely related to the background in this field. To better promote the development of the industry, enterprises and research institutions should strengthen cooperation in technological innovation Meanwhile, they should pay attention to technical efficacy analysis to identify more technical opportunities, thereby effectively guiding innovation strategic decisions. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Game Analysis of Regulation for Online Prescription Drugs under Customer Feedback Mechanism Du Peng, Huang Zhe, Dong Li Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (2): 147-158.   Abstract （57）      PDF（pc） （21056KB）（22）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the way to better regulate the online sales of prescription drugs, and to provide reference for the adjustment of relevant policies since the online sales of prescription drugs has become an inevitable trend. Methods A game model was constructed for the strategy choice of pharmaceutical e-commerce platform, customers and government departments based on differential game theory and Nash equilibrium game model to analyze the pure strategy Nash equilibrium, Nash equilibrium dominant strategy of each subject and the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium under different conditions. Besides, Matlab was used to carry out simulation analysis. Results and Conclusion The study shows that: (1) Improving the credibility of the government and reducing the cost of government regulation can not only make the pharmaceutical e-commerce platform operate with high quality, but also give greater play to government functions; (2) The greater the influence of social evaluation on pharmaceutical e-commerce platforms, the lower the cost of high-quality operation of pharmaceutical e-commerce platform, and the greater the probability of customer choosing real evaluation strategy; (3) The greater the customers’ perception of potential risk, the greater the compensation, and the lower the cost of reporting. Then, the greater the probability that government departments will choose strict regulation. Finally, the model solution and simulation analysis are combined to provide countermeasures and suggestions for the safety regulation of online sales of prescription drugs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Development and Experience of American Pharmaceutical Industry Associations and Its Enlightenment to China Zhang Yuanyuan, Tian Lijuan Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (3): 237-243.   Abstract （57）      PDF（pc） （401KB）（42）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the development history and current situation of pharmaceutical industry associations in the United State and to provide reference for China’s pharmaceutical industry associations. Methods Literature research and comparative study were used to investigate the development history and current situation of pharmaceutical associations in the United States. Then, their characteristics and experiences were summarized. Some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for the existing problems of pharmaceutical associations in China. Results and Conclusion The institutional environment of pharmaceutical associations in the United States is relatively good, reflecting the characteristics of emphasizing process management and neglecting entrance management with and the help of public supervision. At the same time, the government advocates market competition by adhering to the market-oriented services for the public. American pharmaceutical industry associations have strong innovation capacity and perfect credit system. Drawing on the experience of pharmaceutical industry associations in the United States, China should strengthen the construction of pharmaceutical industry associations. Firstly, the supervision mechanism should be improved. Secondly, these associations should have good partnerships with the government and offer the public the best services. Finally, the fund-raising mechanism of pharmaceutical industry associations should be optimized to ensure the innovative development of the pharmaceutical industry. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Improvement of Incentive Mechanism for Pharmaceutical Sales Personnel - Taking Company A as an Example Jia Fan, Tian Lijuan Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (3): 272-278.   Abstract （55）      PDF（pc） （536KB）（31）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the improvement of the incentive mechanism of sales personnel in pharmaceutical company A, and to promote the smooth operation and further development of the company in a long term. Methods Compensation incentive, performance appraisal, welfare benefit, training incentive, promotion motivation and enterprise cultural inspiration were explored through questionnaires, telephone interviews and in-person interviews. Results and Conclusion This company’s incentive mechanism has problems in two aspects: Material incentives and spiritual incentives. As to the company’s characteristics and strategic development, the optimization countermeasures of incentive mechanism are proposed from the following three aspects: constructing a reasonable incentive system, establishing an efficient spiritual incentive mechanism, and implementing the dynamic incentive and differentiated incentive simultaneously. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Construction of Drug Inspection Evaluation Indicator System Hu Di, Liao Ping, Zhu Xin, Dai Yuemin, Ge Yuanyuan, Chen Yuwen Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (4): 327-343.   Abstract （54）      PDF（pc） （457KB）（27）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study a way to establish a drug inspection evaluation system in China. Methods Through literature research, behavioral event interviews, Delphi expert interviews, and other methods, the theory of “three-dimensional quality structure model” was used to extract, screen, and construct a set of evaluation indicator system for drug inspection, including 3 first-level indicators, 11 second-level indicators, and 47 third-level indicators. Results and Conclusion An effective management tool to evaluate the quality of drug inspection has not yet been formed in China. According to the requirements of laws, regulations, and departmental rules, combined with the mature drug inspection mechanism of international drug regulatory agencies or organizations and the international quality management theory, some management tools are put forward to improve the quality system of drug supervision. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Optimization of China’s Pharmacovigilance Organization Management Zhang Zhi, Sun Lihua Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2025, 20 (1): 10-19.   Abstract （48）      PDF（pc） （3365KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the problems of China’s pharmacovigilance organization system, and to provide targeted suggestions for improving it. Methods The relevant literature at home and abroad was reviewed to compared the differences in pharmacovigilance organizations in the United States, the European Union, Japan and China. Then, the problems of China’s pharmacovigilance organization management were found out. Results and Conclusion China’s pharmacovigilance organizational system has problems such as inadequate organizational setup, immature institutional construction, no coordination mechanism for pharmacovigilance practice, and industry associations of third-party organizations having no role to play. It is recommended to carry out theoretical and methodological research on the pharmacovigilance organizational system to provide practical guidance for optimizing the system with Chinese characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of the Incidence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Infection in Patients with Class I Incisions Based on Literature Research Wang Jinping, Sheng Qi, Zhao Jie, Wu Zhiang Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (4): 383-389.   Abstract （48）      PDF（pc） （469KB）（10）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the risk factors and variations in postoperative infection rates among different Class I surgical incisions, and to identify potential evaluation indicators that can impact the preoperative use of antimicrobial prophylaxis in Class I incisions. Methods Literature review was employed to establish inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in the initial examination of 4 098 articles. Then, 3 149 articles were screened out, and after thorough reading of full texts, 55 articles were studied carefully. Results and Conclusion Findings revealed that the incidence rate of surgical site infection (SSI) in Class I incisions ranged from 0.52% to 2.34%, with main risk factors including operation duration, underlying diseases, preoperative infections, antibiotic usage, length of hospital stay, and intraoperative bleeding. Risks of SSI varied significantly across different types of Class I incision surgeries. The key influencing factors in neurosurgery included emergency procedures, (national-nosocomial-infection-surveillance) NNIS score, age, and postoperative drainage tubes. In orthopedics, surgery type was closely associated with infection risk. In addition, emergency surgeries, special surgery types, and low serum albumin levels were considered as risk factors for the increase of postoperative infections, but age showed little correlation. Although prophylactic use of antibiotics in thyroid, breast, and inguinal hernia surgeries was not recommended, research suggested that they should be considered based on varying surgical levels. Patient’s preoperative condition had to be thoroughly assessed to prevent postoperative infections. In clinical practice, combining the highrisk factors of postoperative infection in different Class I incisions, we should consider the evaluation indicators of preventive use of antibiotics before different surgeries, and decide the rational use of antibacterial drugs for Class I incisions. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Patents Related to COVID-19 - Based on Patent Clustering Model in Specific Fields Fu Nan, Li Qian, Yuan Hongmei Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (4): 371-382.   Abstract （44）      PDF（pc） （3328KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To improve the efficiency of patent clustering related to COVID-19 through the topic extraction algorithm and BERT model, and to help researchers understand the patent applications for novel corona virus. Methods The weights of topic vector and BERT model vector were adjusted by cross-entropy loss algorithm to obtain joint vector. Then, k-means++ algorithm was used for patent clustering after dimension reduction. Results and Conclusion The model was applied to patents for corona virus drugs, and five clustering topics were generated. Through comparison, it is proved that the clustering results of this model are more centralized and the differentiation between clusters is significant. The five clusters generated are visually analyzed to reveal the development status of patents for corona virus drugs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Impact of Multimorbidity on Healthcare Utilization and Expenditure: Evidence from China Ding Liman Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (4): 401-408.   Abstract （42）      PDF（pc） （371KB）（25）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the impact of multimorbidity on China’s healthcare utilization and expenditure. Methods A two-part model was used to analyze the outpatient cares based on the data from CHARLS 2015 wave. Results and Conclusion As the prevalence of multimorbidity was 36.6% among 15 523 middle-aged and elderly respondents in China, the multimorbidity increased the likelihood of outpatient service, while the total outpatient expenditure did not increase significantly as well as the OOP expenditure. Secondly, although there was a similar probability of outpatient visit, the patients with multimorbidity excluding diabetes and (or) hypertension, had not been concerned by China’s Chronic Condition Management Programs (CCCMP) yet. Thirdly, the patients with multimorbidity increased the outpatient visits to different types of hospitals. Under CCCMP intervention, the patients did not switch from the county/city hospital to primary healthcare centers and township hospital. A costeffective strategy for providing services to patients with multimorbid conditions is needed, the focus of CCCMP should be switched from the single chronic disease to the multimorbidity. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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An Exploration of Improving the Regulatory System for Online Pharmacy Based on New Policy Xu Jialin, Wang Shuling, Liu Jingshuo Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2025, 20 (1): 20-27.   Abstract （40）      PDF（pc） （361KB）（11）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the current situation of drug regulation after introducing the new policy for China’s online pharmacy, and to provide reference for the regulation of online pharmacy based on the international experience. Methods Through literature research and comparative analysis, the history of policies for online pharmacy in China was investigated, and the current situation and problems of regulation for online pharmacy were explored. Results and Conclusion It is found that the body, basis and behavior of online prescription drug supervision in China should be improved. Combining experience in regulating online prescription drug at home and abroad, we provide some suggestions for the implementation of China’s online prescription drug policy by establishing a government-led multiple regulatory mechanism, standardizing the access qualifications for enterprises with business in online prescription drugs, improving the prescription inquiry and review system, and paying attention to consumer needs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification and Prediction of Key Technologies in Ginsenosides Based on Genetic Knowledge Persistence Algorithm Li Qian, Zhang Wenfeng, Yuan Hongmei Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2025, 20 (1): 68-79.   Abstract （40）      PDF（pc） （1101KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the key technologies in the field of ginsenosides and to offer a guide for the future development ginsenosides through the main path identification method based on genetic knowledge persistence algorithm (GKPA). Methods The global ginsenoside invention authorized patents were used as the data source to construct a ginsenoside patent self-citation network, and to identify high knowledge persistent patents (HKPP) of ginsenoside technology based on the GKPA, and extract its high knowledge persistence main path (HKPMP). Finally, the genetic forward and backward path (GFBP) was used to search the nodes on the main path, and draw the genetic forward and backward main path (GFBMP) of ginsenoside technology. Results and Conclusion The algorithm was applied to the field of ginsenosides. The research results show the milestone patents in ginsenosides technology and the main evolution process of three key technologies, which points out the future direction for the technological development of ginsenosides. The results obtained by this algorithm are more interpretable, comprehensive and scientific. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Relationship between Government R&D Subsidies of Different Sub-industries in China’s Pharmaceutical Industry and Enterprises’ R&D Investment Wang Xinke, Chang Senhao, Chen Yuwen Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2025, 20 (1): 47-56.   Abstract （36）      PDF（pc） （432KB）（25）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To empirically analyze the relationship between Government R&D funding and R&D investment of the enterprises in different sub industries of pharmaceutical industry, and to provide reference for the development of policies related to R&D funding input. Methods Granger causality test was performed using the data of relevant indicators in different sub industries of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 1995 to 2019 based on the theory of covariance. Results and Conclusion The funding of R&D from the government had a significant positive effect on their R&D funding inputs to enterprises with chemo products, Chinese patent products, and biological products. It means the improvement of government funding was beneficial in promoting the R&D investment from various sub industries of pharmaceutical industry. The order of this influence was biological products, chemo products, and Chinese patent drugs. As to chemical drugs and biological products, the government’s R&D funding and enterprises R&D funding input showed a good trend of mutual promotion in a certain lag period. The government can fully leverage its funding to promote the investment of all sub industries of pharmaceutical industry. Meanwhile, regulatory mechanisms should be refined for government funding. For the inheritance, innovation, and development of traditional Chinese medicine, the government should give more policy support than financial support. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Rapid Health Technology Evaluation of Off-label Use of Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate Injection Yao Lan, Li Lin, Tian Lijuan Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2025, 20 (1): 80-87.   Abstract （35）      PDF（pc） （429KB）（11）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the preventive drug use of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection beyond the instructions by rapid health technology, and to provide reference for its rational clinical application. Methods The databases such as PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, HowNet, Wanfang, VIP and HTA websites were searched. Two researchers screened the literature to extract data according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. If necessary, a third researcher was consulted. The included literature was analyzed and concluded through corresponding quality evaluation. Results and Conclusion Four meta-analysis articles and five pharmacoeconomics articles were included. In terms of effectiveness, compared with the blank group and the control group (diammonium glycyrrhizinate, glutathione, and polyene phosphatidylcholine), the preventive use of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection had a lower incidence of drug-induced liver injury with a more significant reduction in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin. In terms of safety, except for an economic study in which some patients had a transient increase in blood pressure during the use of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection, other studies did not show the increasing risk of adverse reactions due to preventive medication. In terms of economy, the use of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection for prevention of different diseases did not necessarily have economic advantages over the control group (blank group and reduced glutathione, polyene phosphatidylcholine injection, traditional Chinese medicine combined with magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection). In the prevention of drug induced liver injury, magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection used beyond the instructions has certain efficacy and safety, but it may not be the economic optimal for other different diseases. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Implementation of the Guidelines for Oncolytic Viruses in China Meng Qinghe, Wang Shuling, Yang Mo Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (4): 344-350.   Abstract （35）      PDF（pc） （370KB）（11）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study related guidelines such as “Guidelines for Clinical Trial Design of Oncolytic Viruses” “Technical Guidelines for Non-clinical Research and Evaluation of Gene Therapy Products” and “Technical Guidelines for Pharmacological Research and Evaluation of Oncolytic Viruses (OVs) Products” issued by the Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE) on OV and offer some suggestions for further improvement of the policies and regulations. Methods Literature comparison and questionnaire survey were used in this paper to investigate the difficulties encountered in the practical work of domestic companies that have conducted clinical trials, thus drawing some lessons to help the subsequent implementation of the guidelines. Results and Conclusion According to the characteristics of specific varieties and the published laws, regulations and guidelines, companies can adopt more suitable and scientific strategies to accelerate the development of anti-cancer drugs. In the future, as more clinical studies and product development for various cancers expand, regulatory requirements are expected to become more specialized and complex. Learning from the regulatory experience of developed countries and regions, we can improve the regulatory system by adapting it to national conditions and development status of China. Additionally, some ideas and useful inspirations can be provided after reviewing the content of the relevant guidelines and the obstacles in the practice of corporate R&D process can be addressed. These efforts will facilitate the speed of R&D and allow enterprises to work more smoothly and efficiently. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Innovations in Monitoring Adverse Drug Reaction and Application Gong Jingyu, Tian Lijuan Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (4): 319-326.   Abstract （35）      PDF（pc） （361KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To systematically study foreign adverse drug reaction monitoring technologies and applications to extract valuable experience, and provide reference for promoting its application in China. Methods Literature research, comparative research and other methods were used to investigate foreign adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring technologies and applications such as passive reporting systems, active monitoring systems, electronic health records and real-world data, and analyze the problems in the application of the above technologies in China. Results and Conclusion At present, China is relatively mature in the application of ADR passive reporting system, but there are some problems in the application of ADR active monitoring system, electronic health records and real-world data. In the future, we should improve the application of adverse drug reaction active monitoring system, establish close cooperation with universities, research institutes and other institutions to improve the evaluation of adverse drug reactions. Besides, we should promote the construction of the Chinese medical language processing system and strengthen the understanding of real-world data. This will improve the level of monitoring adverse drug reactions in China and promote rational drug use. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comparison and Suggestions on the Registration and Regulation of Biosimilars between China and the USA Cao Yizhi, Lian Guiyu Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2025, 20 (1): 28-37.   Abstract （34）      PDF（pc） （610KB）（19）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To put forward some suggestions for improving the registration and regulation, the efficiency of evaluation, and approval of biosimilar in China so as to promote the development of biopharmaceutical industry and increase the accessibility of therapeutic drugs in China. Methods Literature related to the registration and regulation, evaluation and approval of biosimilars were sorted out to analyze the differences in China and the USA. Results and Conclusion Based on the analysis of the current situation of registration and regulation of biosimilars between China and the USA, it is suggested to improve the registration and regulation of biosimilars in China from the following four aspects: Establishing a biosimilar regulatory department, expanding the professional evaluation personnel, scientifically simplifying the registration and approval procedures, and constantly refining the types of communication meetings. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the Market Environment of Heparin and Development Suggestions in China Based on the PEST Model Han Chengcheng, Dong Li Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2025, 20 (1): 38-46.   Abstract （34）      PDF（pc） （393KB）（12）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the market environment of heparin, and to provide reference for the development of the heparin industry in China. Methods The international market size and competition pattern of heparin was investigated first. Then, environmental analysis of it was made based on the PEST model. Results and Conclusion There is room for optimization of the relevant policies for the development of heparin industry in China. The use of heparin drugs and regulation should be further improved. In addition, the research and development ability of pharmaceutical enterprises should be enhanced, and the development strategy of heparin industry needs to be adjusted. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Development Status, Problems and Countermeasures of Sports and Fitness APPs Xiu Yu, Wang Shuling Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2025, 20 (1): 88-93.   Abstract （34）      PDF（pc） （380KB）（12）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the increasing use of sports and fitness APPs against the background of national fitness and post-epidemic era, and to provide some suggestions for the development of sports and fitness APPs. Methods Literature survey and mathematical statistics were used to define the concept of sports and fitness APPs, and their characteristics and advantages were investigated. Then, their problems were pointed out. Results and Conclusion The existing problems include some APPs favoring female users, single function, and slightly backward profit model. Some countermeasures such as enriching course types, taking into account all categories of users, expanding more functions, improving service quality, broadening profit channels, and improving marketing level are put forward. This can provide theoretical basis for the operation of sports and fitness APPs and better popularize the culture of national fitness. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the Impact of Digital Economy on Innovation of Pharmaceutical Companies Li Jingran, Zhang Dawei, Jia Zheng, Xing Hua Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2025, 20 (1): 57-67.   Abstract （29）      PDF（pc） （627KB）（10）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the importance of digital economy to promote the innovation development of enterprises under the background of the era of information technology reform. Methods The maximum entropy method was used to measure the comprehensive level of digital economy development at provincial level. Besides, the impact of digital economy on the innovation performance of pharmaceutical industry was investigated empirically by using A-share pharmaceutical companies listed in China from 2013 to 2020 as a research sample, and the mediating mechanism of R&D investment and financing constraints on the impact was examined. Results and Conclusion It is found that digital economy is significantly and positively related to the innovation performance of enterprises. The mechanism test shows that digital economy improves innovation performance through the expansion effect of R&D investment and alleviating financing constraints. In the context that digital economy has become a new driving force for enterprise innovation, the combination of digital economy and real economy should be actively promoted, R&D investment in pharmaceutical enterprises should be increased, and financing channels should be broadened. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）