Asian Journal Of Social Pharmacy

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Study on Problems and Countermeasures in the Management of Spot Check of Chinese Herbal Pieces Cui Yihang, Chen Binbin, Sun Lihua Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (2): 107-115.   Abstract （580）      PDF（pc） （899KB）（985）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To provide suggestions for optimizing the sampling management of Chinese herbal pieces and improving the quality Chinese herbal pieces. Methods Logical reasoning method was used to analyze the problems in the drug spot check of Chinese herbal pieces based on the data of drug quality published by the National Medical Products Administration from 2013 to 2021, combined with the current provisions and implementation of drug spot check management in China. Results and Conclusion At present, there are some problems in the drug spot check of Chinese herbal pieces, such as fewer varieties of Chinese herbal pieces in the national drug spot check, the unreasonable sampling links, the insufficient territorial management in some areas, and error-prone sample extraction. It is suggested that the actual quantity and overall quality of Chinese herbal pieces should be fully considered in the formulation of sampling plan. Besides, the variety coverage of drug spot check of traditional Chinese medicine should be strengthened. In the planning, the sampling links shall be made as a whole, and the credit rating and distribution of drug production, operation and use units within the jurisdiction shall be fully combined. While strengthening the sampling management at the production end in areas with concentrated industries, regional special drug spot check should be carried out or the administrative forces at the provincial, municipal and county levels should be fully mobilized to avoid local protection. In the assigned tasks, the name of Chinese herbal pieces should be accurately expressed to avoid the sampling errors of Chinese herbal pieces with the same original medicinal materials and different processing methods. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Strategic Planning for Drug Regulatory Science in the United States and Its Enlightenments to China Chang Yingnan, Gong Jingran, Chang Senhao, Chen Yuwen Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (2): 91-97.   Abstract （571）      PDF（pc） （805KB）（375）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the strategic planning of drug regulatory science, the effectiveness and role of policy implementation in the United States so as to gain insights and make suggestions for further improving the strategic planning of drug regulatory science in China. Methods Literature research method and comparative research method were used to compare and analyze the strategic planning of regulatory science in China and the United States. Results and Conclusion Drawing on the US experience, China should set goals based on mission and vision and identify problems, knowledge gaps, and key areas, then concrete measures can be taken to advance regulatory science. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Regulatory Framework of Advanced Therapies in the European Union and the United States Wulan Qiqige, Yang Yue, Huang Zhe Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (2): 98-106.   Abstract （561）      PDF（pc） （914KB）（262）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the regulatory framework of advanced therapies in the European Union and the United States, and to provide reference for the regulation of cell- and gene-based therapeutic products in China. Methods The legal and regulatory documents, annual reports, work information and related literature published on the websites of the FDA and European Medicines Agency (EMA) were reviewed to analyze the regulatory models of advanced therapies in the European Union and the United States. Results and Conclusion the United States and the European Union have carried out a lot of work in the classification standards of advanced therapies, policy formulation and accelerated listing procedures. Therefore, they have established a relatively mature regulatory system. China can learn from their experience and continuously improve the regulatory system to help the sustainable development of gene and cell therapy industry. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Investigation on the Current Situation of China’s DTP Pharmacy and Suggestions for Its Development Wen Dong, Dou Lele, Sun Yuyuan, Wang Shuling Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (2): 165-176.   Abstract （533）      PDF（pc） （1965KB）（591）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To summarize the main characteristics and development approaches of direct-to-patient (DTP) pharmacies, and to explore its future development trend. Methods Firstly, relevant policies of DTP pharmacies were sorted out based on some documents on the government website, and related articles were studied. Secondly, 499 DTP pharmacies were investigated. Finally, the current status of the industry was summarized and analyzed. Results and Conclusion Policies on China’s DTP pharmacy have been constantly improved. According to industry standards, the current compliance rate of DTP pharmacies is about 46.09%. In terms of varieties, the market share concentration rate of biological products is higher than that of chemical drugs. The regional distribution of these drugs is mainly concentrated in the central and eastern provinces. However, 63.45% of DTP pharmacies have less than 50 product specifications. DTP pharmacies have an average of 7.3 pharmacy technicians and 2.3 licensed pharmacists, which is higher than that of ordinary pharmacies. Due to the policy promotion, DTP pharmacies will be paid more attention by the public and the government, and the market share will become larger than before. Patients shifting from hospitals to drug-to-pharmacies can make them better layout. Besides, pharmaceutical services will become more specialized, and disease division will be more detailed. With the deepening of medical reform and the continuous improvement of national medical security as well as drug procurement and medical insurance payment methods, DTP pharmacies can play an important role in the national basic medical security system. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the Management of Chronic Diseases in American and British Community Pharmacy Chen Qianqian, Tian Lijuan Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (2): 157-164.   Abstract （520）      PDF（pc） （773KB）（207）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To provide a reference for promoting the construction of chronic disease management in community pharmacies in China. Methods Literature research and comparative research methods were used to analyze the management of chronic disease carried out by community pharmacies in the United States and the United Kingdom. Results and Conclusion The management of chronic diseases in American and British community pharmacies has formed retail health clinic and online chronic disease mode. It is recommended that Chinese government should issue measures and supporting guidelines for the management of chronic diseases in community pharmacies as soon as possible. Community pharmacies should be encouraged to carry out chronic disease management with the concept of prudent inclusion and gradual progression. Meanwhile, the concentration of drug retail industry should be improved to carry out the systematic construction of chronic disease management and build a standardized chronic disease service process. Besides, community pharmacies should make full use of new technologies such as the Internet, cloud computing and big data, smart wearable devices, and chronic disease management Apps to explore and carry out online professional chronic disease management mode. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Present Situation and Enlightenment of Post-Approval Change Management of Drugs in China, USA and EU Lv Xiaowen, Huang Zhe Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (1): 17-23.   Abstract （494）      PDF（pc） （358KB）（1371）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To provide suggestions for further improvement of China’s drug post-approval change management system. Methods The current legal and regulatory requirements of post-approval change management systems of drugs in USA, EU and China were compared and analyzed. Results and Conclusion The post-approval change management of drugs is an important part of the whole life-cycle management of drugs. However, there are still some problems in China’s current post-approval change management systems. According to the model and requirements of the post-approval change management systems of the USA and EU, this paper proposes the following suggestions for the improvement of China’s post-approval change management system. Firstly, electronic files for licensed products should be created. Then, regulatory standards at the national level must be unified. Lastly, the concept of product life cycle management should be implemented. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research and Enlightenment of Accelerated Approval Pathway in China Li He, Huang Zhe Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (1): 1-7.   Abstract （489）      PDF（pc） （323KB）（390）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To provide suggestions to improve the system of accelerated review and approval in China and to speed up the development and marketing of innovative drugs. Methods A comparative analysis was made to study the accelerated review, conditional approval and breakthrough therapy between China and the United States. Combined with the implementation of accelerated pathway in China, some suggestions were put forward. Results and Conclusion The implementation of accelerated drug review and approval system can significantly speed up the process of new drug development, which will improve the accessibility of innovative drugs. However, there are some problems in the review procedures and the implementation of supportive documents in China. In view of the above problems and combined with the experiences of US FDA, we should strengthen the construction of institutional system and reviewer team, and improve the efficiency of drug research and development. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Present Situation and Thinking of the Evaluation and Management of Biomedical Projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park of Shenzhen-Hong Kong Cooperation Zone Zhao Xuanhe, Wang Shuling Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (2): 116-127.   Abstract （475）      PDF（pc） （1099KB）（253）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To put forward some suggestions for the improvement of the evaluation system of Shenzhen Industrial Park of Shenzhen-Hong Kong Innovation Cooperation Zone by studying the scientific research project evaluation and management system of Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED). Methods Through literature review, lessons were drawn from the review and management policies and methods of biomedical projects implemented by Japan AMED. Then some reference was provided to the review and management of the projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park. Results and Conclusion A basic review framework has been set up in Shenzhen Industrial Park, which consists of scientific research management institution of Shenzhen Industrial Park, Third-Party Review Institution and Science Committee. However, there are three problems in this system: unclear selection criteria of review experts, insufficient supervision and lack of project evaluation standards. These problems can be solved by establishing an expert think tank, setting up graded project supervisors to have the dynamic monitoring, and developing a general evaluation scale for evaluating scientific research projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Enlightenment of COVID-19 Treated by Botanical Drugs on the Development of Drugs for Rare Diseases in China Li Qiao, Wang Su, Wang Aili, Wu Di, Chen Yuwen Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (2): 137-148.   Abstract （475）      PDF（pc） （908KB）（199）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the feasibility of developing botanical drugs to treat intractable diseases and play an important role in dealing with major public health crises. Methods From January 1990 to May 2021, a bibliographic search was carried out on the use of botanical drugs, rare disease drugs, related registration management policies and regulations in PubMed and CNKI. The following keywords were searched in the database: Rare disease policies and regulations, orphan drugs, botanical drugs for intractable diseases, botanical drugs for the treatment of new coronary pneumonia, traditional Chinese medicine, and emergency guidelines for major public health crisis. Other data were obtained from “Chinese Pharmacopoeia” and relevant Chinese government websites for sorting and analysis. Results and Conclusion Based on 39 Chinese corresponding policies and regulations, challenges and opportunities of developing and researching drugs for treating rare diseases were found out after the analysis and comparison. Based on the study of national policies on drugs for rare diseases, the priority review and approval procedures in the drug registration, as well as China’s emergency guidelines and policies for major public health events, some problems in the use of drugs for rare diseases are found out. Therefore, it is recommended to actively adopt the property rights protection system, explore the folk prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine and the potential of hospital preparations, and the registration review strategy of giving priority to the use of botanical drugs for rare diseases. Thus, the international status of botanical drugs for rare disease and the influence of responding to major public health events can be enhanced. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Liposomal Irinotecan in Combination with 5-FU/LV for Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Wang Wenjun, Wang Yaoling, Huang Zhe Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (2): 128-136.   Abstract （471）      PDF（pc） （1587KB）（257）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To systematically review the published clinical and economic research on liposomal irinotecan in combination with 5-FU/LV for metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) at home and abroad. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CBM, CNKI, Wan Fang data, CRD database and health technology assessment official websites were searched to collect clinical and economic studies on liposomal irinotecan for mPDAC. Results and Conclusion Nine clinical studies and four economic studies were included. The result of clinical studies showed that liposomal irinotecan in combination with 5-FU/LV could extend survival with good drug compliance in patients with mPDAC who progressed on prior gemcitabine-based therapy. This agent represented a new treatment option for second-line chemotherapy in these patients. The results of the economic evaluations failed to reach a consistent conclusion due to different economic levels in various countries. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Influence and Suggestions on Trial Implementation Measures for Early Settlement Mechanism of Drug Patent Disputes Li Wanying, Zhang Weiwei, Jia Siyao, Dong Li Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (2): 149-156.   Abstract （451）      PDF（pc） （871KB）（207）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the core contents of the “Implementation Measures for Early Settlement Mechanism of Drug Patent Disputes (Trial)” in China, and to clarify the concerns for enterprises in future work. Methods A comprehensive review of the literature was used to find out the key regulations for detailed decomposition and analysis. Results and Conclusion By analyzing the key clauses of China’s “Implementation Measures for Early Settlement Mechanism of Drug Patent Disputes (Trial)”, some practical countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for related research and development (R&D) innovation and drug declaration of enterprises. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Enlightenment and Suggestions on the Construction of Information Platform and Processing Mechanism of Drug Shortages in Developed Countries to China Cui Li, Xing Hua Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (2): 177-186.   Abstract （361）      PDF（pc） （817KB）（294）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study how to improve and perfect the information platform and processing mechanism of drug shortages in China. Methods By searching the relevant policies from official websites of FDA, European Medicines Agency (EMA), Health Canada (HC) and National Health Commission, the good experience of the United States, the European Union and Canada in the construction of information platform and processing mechanism of drug shortages was summarized for reference in China. Results and Conclusion China has initially established the processing mechanism of drug shortages, but the platform construction should be improved, and the information disclosure of drug shortages varies from province to province. We should improve the information platform of drug shortages, strengthen the disclosure and communication of information, enrich the processing tools and measures after the drug shortages occurs, and strengthen the cooperation with relevant associations and other non-governmental departments. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Economic Evaluation of Cervical Cancer Prevention Strategies in China Chen Chuhan, Sun Lihua Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (1): 57-63.   Abstract （354）      PDF（pc） （1964KB）（207）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the economy of domestic bivalent human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine, imported 9-valent HPV vaccine and 5 cervical cancer screening programs, and to provide a reference for relevant decision-making. Methods A Markov model of the natural disease development of cervical cancer was constructed to simulate the cumulative long-term cost and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of one hundred thousand healthy women after they received different interventions for cost-effectiveness analysis. Results and Conclusion Compared with the non-intervention group, the cost of per QALY obtained by two HPV vaccines and 5 screening programs ranged from 1 117.56 yuan to 71 660.48 yuan. Taking China’s GDP per capita in 2020 as the threshold, two HPV vaccines and 5 screening programs are cost-effective. Domestic bivalent vaccine is cost-effective and it should be introduced to the national immunization program in the future. Different screening programs are all cost-effective, too. Among them, careHPV test once every 5 years has the lowest ICER value and it can be used as the first choice for cervical cancer screening in rural areas or resource-limited areas in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on Emergency Use Authorization and Risk Control of Pfizer-BioNTech Vaccine Wang Yiran, Yang Yue Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (1): 24-29.   Abstract （349）      PDF（pc） （408KB）（272）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the methods and policies for emergency use authorization (EUA) and risk control of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods The legal basis, safety, and effectiveness evaluation criteria for Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine under EUA, as well as the continuation of phase III clinical trials and pharmacovigilance plans were sorted out. And attention was paid to the safety surveillance actions and risk control measures of vaccines under EUA. Results and Conclusion The methods and policies for EUA and risk control of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine were made clear and we could provide a reference for the pharmacovigilance action after the COVID-19 vaccines were put on the market in China. In the case of EUA, it is necessary to analyze the existing clinical safety data. Based on this, the risk control process should be confirmed at the time of formal marketing approval and after listing. Finally, the risk control should be adjusted at any time. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Technology Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Extraction Based on Patent Information Liu Yue, Fu Nan, Shen Manzhu, Yuan Hongmei Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (1): 49-56.   Abstract （326）      PDF（pc） （2025KB）（189）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To understand the development status of traditional Chinese medicine extraction technology, so as to provide a reference for enterprises and scientific research institutions to determine the direction of technological innovation. Besides, the government can formulate scientific and technological innovation strategies. Methods Based on patent information, statistical methods were applied to analyze the development of traditional Chinese medicine extraction technology. Then, the core technology was identified by constructing a patent citation network. Finally, the main path analysis method was applied to discover the technological evolution path. Results and Conclusion The extraction technology of traditional Chinese medicine is still in the growth stage. At present, its R&D is based on enterprises, supplemented by scientific research institutions. The core technologies are ultrasonic extraction and enzymatic extraction. The main path represented by enzymatic extraction technology reveals the evolution process of traditional Chinese medicine extraction technology. Based on this, relevant suggestions are put forward. Firstly, technological innovation cooperation should be strengthened to explore new models of achievement transformation and cooperation. Secondly, key enterprises of technology clusters should be cultivated to accelerate breakthroughs in core technologies. Thirdly, combined technologies can achieve high-efficiency enzyme-assisted extraction and open up new ways of extracting traditional Chinese medicine. Fourthly, traditional techniques should be improved to develop innovative modern techniques. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Patent Situation of Medical Devices in China Wu Chenxia, Yuan Hongmei Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (1): 30-39.   Abstract （293）      PDF（pc） （899KB）（291）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the patent situation of medical device industry in China based on patent data. Methods The analysis function of the patent search software incoPat was used to analyze the patent situation from two perspectives: The overall situation and the technical level. Results and Conclusion At present, China’s medical device industry is developing rapidly under the leadership of enterprises as the main body of innovation, but only 16% of patents are authorized. In addition, the technology distribution of medical device industry is mainly related to diagnostic, surgical and identification medical devices and implantable devices, accounting for 59% of the main technology distribution, and their technical effects are mainly related to improving convenience, reducing complexity, and improving safety. The quality of patents related to medical device industry in China is low, the technology distribution is not rich enough, and the level of technical efficacy is low. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Adverse Reactions in the Treatment of COVID-19 with Three Chinese Patent Medicines and Three Herbal Formulas Li Qiao, Wang Aili, Wu Di, Chen Yuwen Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (1): 8-16.   Abstract （270）      PDF（pc） （398KB）（292）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the rules and characteristics of the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas for the treatment of COVID-19, and to provide a reference for clinical safe medication. Methods The cases and ADR reports of the three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas in PubMed, Web of Science, Springer Link, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database were retrieved from December 2019 to May 2021. Then we extracted and analyzed the effective information included in the literature. Results and Conclusion According to the pre-developed retrieval plan, a total of 136 documents were obtained, and a total of 6 documents met the inclusion criteria finally. 553 patients used three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas, and there were 133 cases of adverse reactions. The adverse reactions of patients taking the three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas can all be explained under the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, and the adverse reactions can be eliminated by adding or subtracting the flavor of the medicine or stopping the medicine. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Thoughts on the Innovative Design of the Integrated Service Mode of Pharmacies and Elderly Care Centers Yu Lina, Xing Miaomiao, Wang Shuling Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (1): 78-86.   Abstract （269）      PDF（pc） （380KB）（1171）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the service model that integrates medical treatment and elderly care to provide a reference for the development of pharmacies and elderly care centers. Methods Through the literature investigation and case analysis, the domestic integrated medical treatment and elderly care service model was analyzed, and new ideas for the integration of pharmacies and elderly care centers were provided. Results and Conclusion The integrated service model of pharmacies and elderly care centers is designed and the integration mode of pharmacies, hospitals and elderly care centers is proposed by analyzing their advantages. The “pharmacy + elderly care” mode and the “pharmacy + medical treatment + elderly care” mode that integrates pharmacies, hospitals, and elderly care centers are put forward to predict its new development opportunities in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comparative Analysis of Profit Model of Typical Pharmaceutical O2O Enterprises in China Qu Simeng, Wang Shuling Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (1): 81-88.   Abstract （234）      PDF（pc） （523KB）（328）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the profit model of Chinese pharmaceutical O2O enterprises. Methods A case study of three typical pharmaceutical O2O enterprises was conducted, and their profit models were compared. Results and Conclusion The pharmaceutical O2O enterprises in China are divided into three categories according to the profit models. It is found that the current pharmaceutical O2O enterprises have problems such as simple profit model and low corporate profits. Based on these problems, it is recommended that relevant enterprises develop various business models to increase profit channels. Besides, they should establish and improve internal cost control systems. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis on the Revenue Status of the “Fourth Terminal” Industry of Ali Health Sun Xiaohua, Gao Jingyi, Wang Shuling Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (1): 40-48.   Abstract （232）      PDF（pc） （383KB）（338）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the revenue status of the “fourth terminal” industry of Ali Health, and to explore the opportunities of the “internet and medical health” model and provide some suggestions for China’s medical e-commerce industry. Methods Through literature research and network collection methods, a large number of literature and network materials were studied in detail, and the revenue status of the “fourth terminal” of Ali Health in different fiscal years was compared and analyzed. Results and Conclusion According to the revenue of different fiscal years, the “fourth terminal” industry of Ali Health has developed rapidly, and the revenue gap between different business is large, so the “fourth terminal” industry should be improved. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Evaluation Criteria and Rationality Analysis of Drug Utilization of Meropenem in a Tertiary Medical Institution in Beijing Zhang Qiming, Huang Zhe Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2025, 20 (1): 1-9.   Abstract （219）      PDF（pc） （386KB）（666）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To establish a drug use evaluation (DUE) standard for meropenem in a tertiary medical institution in Beijing, and to analyze the use of meropenem for promoting the rational use of antibiotics. Methods A criteria of DUE of meropenem was established based on drug instructions, related guidelines and experts’ opinions. Then, 120 cases of meropenem use from January to December 2021 were selected to carry out a retrospective study. Results and Conclusion 120 cases of meropenem use involved 8 clinical departments, including 38 cases in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, 25 cases in the Department of Tuberculosis, and 20 cases in the Department of Gastroenterology. The detection rate of pathogenic microorganisms before first use was 79.17%, and the clinical treatment effectiveness rate was 81.67%. The irrational use of meropenem included poor grasp of usage indications, excessively high starting points, inappropriate usage and dosage, non-standard treatment courses, and excessive combination medication. Pharmacists should strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of carbapenem drugs such as meropenem, provide timely feedback on relevant situations, and promote rational clinical medication. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in FDA’s Focus Areas of Regulatory Science for Drugs and Suggestions for China Gong Jingran, Chang Senhao, Chang Yingnan, Chen Yuwen Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (3): 191-197.   Abstract （212）      PDF（pc） （363KB）（207）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To sort out the focus areas of FDA’s scientific supervision and to achieve corresponding results, so as to provide some suggestions for the scientific research and innovation of drug supervision in China. Methods In-depth research was carried out in the fields of safety evaluation tools, clinical trial innovation, new methods ofproduct quality evaluation, information science and so on. Results and Conclusion The research foundation of drug supervision related technology in China is weak, and a systematic supervision system has not been formed. Learning from the scientific experience of drug supervision in the United States, we can promote the development of the focus areas of drug supervision in China. Besides, we should improve the standard management ability while perfecting the regulations and standards system. Lastly, we should establish a system for government and industry-university-research to realize the full-cycle supervision of drugs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Insulin Degludec and Liraglutide Injection in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Sun Quan, Zhang Fang, Dong Li Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (3): 281-295.   Abstract （211）      PDF（pc） （699KB）（144）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the cost-effectiveness of insulin degludec and liraglutide injection (IDegLira) compared with insulin glargine plus insulin aspart (IGar plus IAsp) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on the price of IDegLira before and after it was successfully admitted to the National Reimbursable Drug List (NRDL). Methods Cost and effectiveness parameters were obtained through systematic retrieval from PubMed, ScienceDirect, CNKI, and Wanfang database. A cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) model was established to analyze the economics using IDegLira for T2DM patients with 1 to 5 years of medication. Results and Conclusion Before IDegLira was admitted to NRDL, its economic advantages over the IGlar plus Iasp regimen became more significant as patients’ medication time prolonged. After being admitted to NRDL, with 1 year of medication, the medical cost of IDegLira decreased by 2 853.91 yuan and the quality adjusted life years (QALY) increased by 0.120 55 than IGar plus IAsp. The sensitivity analysis was highly consistent with the results of the baseline result. After being admitted to NRDL, for patients with T2DM who have poor blood glucose control, IDegLira is absolutely an economic advantage scheme compared with IGar plus IAsp. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Impact of the Centralized Drug Procurement Policy on China’s Pharmaceutical Enterprises Miao Li, Tian Lijuan Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (4): 351-360.   Abstract （210）      PDF（pc） （1127KB）（192）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the impact of the centralized drug procurement policy on pharmaceutical enterprises, and put forward some suggestions for improving China’s centralized drug procurement policy. Methods Through literature analysis and comparative research, the relevant policies and implementation effects from the “4 + 7” drug procurement pilot to the seventh batch of volume procurement were sorted out, and the impact of the procurement policy on pharmaceutical enterprises was analyzed. Results and Conclusion The centralized drug procurement policy has continuously improved the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in bidding, and the consistency evaluation work has been carried out well. However, there are also some problems, such as the reduction of enterprise profits, the difficulty of enterprise operation, the decline in the quality of winning drugs, and the insufficient innovation ability and the supply capacity of enterprises. In this regard, enterprises should reasonably control the cost of drugs to ensure the stable supply of winning drugs. Besides, enterprises should create brand effect for their timely transformation and development. While strengthening pharmaceutical innovation, they can change from low-level generic drug production to R&D innovation. The government should pay close attention to the impact of centralized procurement on the quality and efficiency of enterprise drugs. For instance, the government should improve the pricing rules for drug procurement and increase supervision of drug quality and supply. At the same time, it should give certain policy and financial support to enterprises’ technological innovation and talent introduction. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Investigation and Countermeasures of the Development of Chinese Pharmaceutical E-commerce in the B2C Model Based on PEST-SWOT Analysis Xiu Yu, Wang Shuling Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (4): 398-405.   Abstract （208）      PDF（pc） （371KB）（212）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the problems of pharmaceutical e-commerce and provide strategies for its development in the future B2C mode since drug network management has great potential in China. Methods By collecting, identifying, and conducting literature research, PEST-SWOT identification and positioning of pharmaceutical e-commerce in the B2C mode were carried out. Results and Conclusion A PEST-SWOT analysis matrix was established to analyze the status of B2C pharmaceutical e-commerce, and to summarize its advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats from four perspectives of politics, economy, society and technology. Suggestions on cultivating compound talents proficient in medicine and e-commerce, exploring online payment methods for medical insurance, integration of upstream and downstream of the industrial chain and data sharing are put forward to promote the healthy and long-term development of pharmaceutical e-commerce under the background of big data. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Problems and Countermeasures of Four Community Pharmacies on Drug Quality Management in Kangping County Zhang Jie, Tian lijuan Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (1): 64-70.   Abstract （207）      PDF（pc） （394KB）（684）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the drug quality management of four community pharmacies and provide countermeasures and suggestions for improving the drug management level in Kangping County. Methods Literature research and investigation research were adopted in this paper to analyze the current situation and problems of drug management in four community pharmacies in a town of Kangping County. Results and Conclusion The problems of four community pharmacies in a town of Kangping County are low level of drug quality management, insufficient quality and capability of the practitioners and physician’s illegal act such as some licensed pharmacists paid from the linked pharmacies. There are also problems in facilities and equipment, drug display and storage, and document management, which reflects the lack of local drug supervision. Based on the above problems, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to strengthen the drug quality management of four community pharmacies in Kangping County. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Supervision of Public Opinion under the Background of Social Co-governance - Take the Changsheng Vaccine Incident as an Example Ma Xiaonan, Tian Lijuan Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (3): 198-205.   Abstract （205）      PDF（pc） （465KB）（498）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To provide reference for the news media to give play to the role of public opinion supervision in time based on the background of drug safety and social co-governance. Methods The method of case analysis was used to make a retrospective study on the Changsheng vaccine incident in 2018. Then the role of mainstream media, pharmaceutical media, and self-media in the supervision of public opinion was investigated. Results and Conclusion Both mainstream and pharmaceutical media played an excellent role in supervising the Changchun Changsheng vaccine incident. However, the content published by some pharmaceutical media was hard to understand by ordinary people. Besides, the role of self-media in public opinion supervision was polarized. Some self-media closely kept pace with mainstream media in public opinion supervision. Other self-media unilaterally pursued the click rate, publishing false information to guide wrong public opinion. The news media should optimize the supervision efficiency of drug safety. On the one hand, pharmaceutical media should pay attention to the fact that readers may not understand the difficult terms because they are not professional. On the other hand, self-media practitioners should improve their professional quality so that they will not publish some fake news to mislead public opinion. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Development Status, Problems and Countermeasures of Sports and Fitness APPs Xiu Yu, Wang Shuling Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2025, 20 (1): 88-93.   Abstract （205）      PDF（pc） （380KB）（230）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the increasing use of sports and fitness APPs against the background of national fitness and post-epidemic era, and to provide some suggestions for the development of sports and fitness APPs. Methods Literature survey and mathematical statistics were used to define the concept of sports and fitness APPs, and their characteristics and advantages were investigated. Then, their problems were pointed out. Results and Conclusion The existing problems include some APPs favoring female users, single function, and slightly backward profit model. Some countermeasures such as enriching course types, taking into account all categories of users, expanding more functions, improving service quality, broadening profit channels, and improving marketing level are put forward. This can provide theoretical basis for the operation of sports and fitness APPs and better popularize the culture of national fitness. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Countermeasures for the Development of Biopharmaceutical Industrial Parks in China Zhang Zongjie, Wu Zhiang Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (3): 232-238.   Abstract （198）      PDF（pc） （352KB）（293）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To systematically analyze the current development status of biopharmaceutical industrial park in China, sort out the problems and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions. Methods Relevant literature was searched and reviewed to find out the problems faced by the development of biopharmaceutical industrial parks in China. Results and Conclusion Biopharmaceutical industrial parks are developing rapidly due to their unique industrial clustering advantages, but there are problems such as lack of overall planning at the top level, insufficient government support, imperfect talent support services and weak innovation capacity of the parks. It is recommended to promote the rapid development of biopharmaceutical industrial parks and biopharmaceutical enterprises by strengthening top-level design, increasing government support, focusing on talent introduction, and enhancing the innovative strength of the parks. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on Public Health Behavior against the Background of COVID-19 Pandemic - Based on Bandura Reciprocal Determinism Di Haopu, Wang Shuling Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (4): 359-364.   Abstract （198）      PDF（pc） （378KB）（343）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the factors influencing public health behaviors in China in the context of COVID-19 pandemic, and to propose suggestions and countermeasures for enhancing public health behaviors. Methods A public health behavior system based on Bandura’s reciprocal determinism was constructed, and public health behavior was analyzed from the perspective of the interaction of health awareness, health behavior and environment. Results and Conclusion The public health behavior was analyzed through the public health behavior system based on Bandura’s reciprocal determinism, and the results and conclusions were draw. The public can be urged to develop better health beliefs and form better health behaviors by strengthening publicity and interventions, improving personal awareness, and increasing government investment. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Status Quo and Countermeasures of Human Resource Management Outsourcing in China’s Pharmaceutical Enterprises Wang Jianing, Wang Shuling Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (1): 64-71.   Abstract （197）      PDF（pc） （420KB）（377）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the current situation of human resource management outsourcing in China’s pharmaceutical enterprises, and to put forward some suggestions for enterprises and the government. Methods The current situation of human resource management outsourcing in China’s pharmaceutical enterprises was analyzed through the method of literature research. Results and Conclusion At present, the status of human resource management outsourcing in China’s pharmaceutical companies is that the level of human resource outsourcing companies is not high, and there are no relevant industry norms and laws. The information asymmetry between pharmaceutical enterprises and outsourcing companies results in adverse selection and moral hazard. Besides, the different culture of pharmaceutical enterprises and outsourcing companies leads to inefficient communication between enterprises and employee. To solve these problems, the government should promote and improve industry norms and laws to regulate the market. In addition, enterprises should clarify the motivation for outsourcing and make good decision on the outsourcing content. Meanwhile, enterprises should strengthen communication with employees to eliminate employees’ concerns. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Countermeasures to Improve the Competitiveness of Medicine Circulation Enterprises in China under the New Situation Chen Huasheng, Dong Li Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (1): 71-77.   Abstract （197）      PDF（pc） （440KB）（235）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the current situation of medicine circulation enterprises and summarize the influence of frequently introduced industry policies on the pharmaceutical field, so as to provide suggestions on improving the competitiveness and maintaining sustainable development of medicine circulation enterprises in China. Methods Industry policy analysis, literature inquiry, expert interview and questionnaire survey were used to study the challenges that medicine circulation faced under the new situation. Then, the key indexes were found out to improve its competitiveness. Results and Conclusion Through the analysis of the current situation of the industry, policy orientation and market demand, some suggestions are put forward for related enterprises to improve their competitiveness. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Reimbursement Management of Innovative Drugs Abroad and Its Enlightenment to China Yu Hanshuang, Huang Xianqin, Wang Huiyan, Sun Lihua Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (1): 1-8.   Abstract （193）      PDF（pc） （486KB）（315）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the reimbursement policies of innovative drugs in some developed countries, and to provide reference for future reimbursement management in China. Methods Literature research method was used to study the policies related to the reimbursement management of innovative drugs in Germany, France and Japan, and their successful experience was summarized. Results and Conclusion China should establish an open and transparent value evaluation standard to improve the medical insurance reimbursement management of innovative drugs. Besides, the value of innovative drugs should be taken as an important basis for reimbursement decisions, and an independent third-party value evaluation agency must be established. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Hypersensitivity Reaction Caused by Intravenous Gadolinium-based MRI Contrast Agents Lai Jing, Qin Liangyi, Qin Yane, Lan Xiaobu, Zhang Qi Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (3): 296-298.   Abstract （188）      PDF（pc） （769KB）（129）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To present a rare case of skin allergic reaction to gadobutrol, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, in a 37-year-old man. Methods The adverse reactions of gadobutrol were analyzed combined with the instructions and related literatures. Results and Conclusion The presence of this patient is consistent with the adverse reactions in the instructions of gadobutrol. The incidence of ADR in gadobutrol is considered to be low, although sometimes patients report a hypersensitivity reaction when undergoing MRI. There are only a few cases of immediate adverse reactions to gadobutrol. However, we should improve the ability of medical staff to use drugs safely and take preventive measures. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Incentive Policies for Chinese Innovative Drug R&D - Taking Innovative Anti-tumor Drugs as an Example Wang Yuejun, Yang Yue, Huang Zhe Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (4): 303-314.   Abstract （186）      PDF（pc） （2658KB）（1778）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To provide reference for improving Chinese innovative drug research and development incentive policies. Methods Based on investigating the incentive policies for innovative drug research and development in clinical research, evaluation and approval in China, anti-tumor drugs were taken as the research object to discuss relevant policies from the perspective of clinical trials and registration approval based on data statistics and current situation analysis. Results and Conclusion Driven by a series of incentive policies for innovative drug R&D, great achievements have been made on anti-tumor drugs. However, there are problems such as concentration of drug targets, homogenization of clinical trials, and gaps in some drugs with large clinical needs. To improve incentive policies for innovative drug R&D, China should adhere to the orientation of clinical value, focusing on basic research and translational research, improving evaluation and approval capabilities, and establishing a sound ecosystem for innovative drugs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Impact of Population Aging on the Expenditure of Medical Insurance Fund for Urban Workers in China Wang Shuling, Dou Lele, Shi Hui, Huang Zhe Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (3): 239-246.   Abstract （184）      PDF（pc） （2653KB）（161）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the impact of population aging on the expenditures of medical insurance funds against the background that great changes in population structure influences economic development. Methods Through analyzing the impact of the population aging, the income and accumulated balance of the medical insurance fund, and other related factors on the expenditure of the medical insurance fund, development status of the medical insurance fund for urban employees in China since 2003 was obtained. Stata 16.0 was used to perform multiple linear regression analysis on related factors to determine the correlation between population aging and the change in medical insurance expenditures. Results and Conclusion The factors that have a greater impact on the expenditure of the medical insurance fund are the amount of income from the medical insurance, followed by the number of people over the age of 65 in China and the urban retired employees participating in medical insurance. We should focus on the sustainable development of the urban employee medical insurance fund to deal with the threat of aging. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Suggestions for Promoting China’s Drug Regulatory Agency to Join Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme - PIC/S Hu Shigao, Wu Zhiang Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (3): 206-212.   Abstract （179）      PDF（pc） （673KB）（635）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To identify and reduce the gap between China’s drug GMP inspection and pharmaceutical inspection co-operation scheme (PIC/S) audit checklist, find out the key improvement items, and revise them pertinently, which will promote the process of China joining PIC/S. Methods The general situation of PIC/S organization and audit checklist were introduced first, and then the accession of several countries that joined the organization was analyzed. Meanwhile, the process of China’s participation in PIC/S was sorted out. After referring to the contents of PIC/S audit checklist, the problems of GMP inspection system in China were studied. Results and Conclusion There are still many problems in GMP inspection in China. Some suggestions are put forward for improvement and change, which can provide reference for the development of drug inspection agencies at all levels in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Current Situation and Prospect of the Application of Real-World Evidence in Health Care Xiao Feiyi, Zhang Fang, Li Xue, Dong Li Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2023, 18 (4): 374-386.   Abstract （174）      PDF（pc） （403KB）（274）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To summarize the application of real-world evidence (RWE) in the medical and healthcare field of various countries, including relevant policies, application scenarios and application methods. Methods Relevant policies and application scenarios were obtained by consulting the official websites and public documents of various countries’ healthcare institutions. Systematic literature retrieval was adopted to search PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM and Wanfang databases, and all papers related to real-world study and application were included. Then, these papers were classified and analyzed by country and application method. Results and Conclusion The RWE was mainly applied to supporting the preliminary approval of a new drug, expanding drug indications, accelerating approval or supporting conditional marketing authorizations and drug safety evaluation, etc. The United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Sweden, and France admitted RWE, but they treated the data obtained from RWE with caution. After systematic literature retrieval, a total of 701 articles were obtained, including relevant studies from 36 countries, among which the United States published 264 in total. The most common study was about using real-world data (RWD) to calculate treatment-related costs, which had a total of 259 studies. Secondly, 158 articles were used for epidemiological analysis. Then, 138 articles were about establishing risk models to analyze disease risk factors. A total of 70 articles were real-world efficacy evaluation of the drug treatment schemes, 54 articles were about pharmacoeconomic evaluation with RWD as parameters. A total of 29 articles used RWD to build predictive models, and 15 articles used RWD to evaluate the health-related quality of life in patients. The application of RWE has been used widely in the medical and healthcare field of various countries. The application scenarios are gradually diversified, the application methods of RWD become mature, and the evidence quality of RWE is also improved greatly. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Status Quo and Optimization of Centralized Procurement of Coronary Stents Zhang Yuting, Liu Xiaoxi Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (1): 20-28.   Abstract （173）      PDF（pc） （433KB）（1638）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the impact of the first national centralized procurement of coronary stents on patients’ psychology, the economy of medical institutions, and the survival and development of the coronary stents industry, and to provide suggestions on perfecting procedures to better carry out the centralized procurement of coronary stents. Methods Literature analysis was used to investigate the results of the procurement of coronary stent in a province and a hospital. Results and Conclusion The centralized procurement of coronary stents has alleviated the economic pressure of patients, but it has many problems. Therefore, this paper proposes some suggestions, such as promoting the orderly development of the coronary stent industry, improving the evaluation link of the centralized procurement of coronary stents, adopting the accurate reporting model to ensure the quality of coronary stents and improving the standardization of clinical services. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comparison of the Development Model of DTP Pharmacy between China and the United States and Its Enlightenment Li Yanli, Huang Zhe Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy    2024, 19 (2): 168-177.   Abstract （173）      PDF（pc） （940KB）（203）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To systematically analyze the development status of DTP pharmacy in the United States and China, and to find out the problems in China’s DTP pharmacy and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions. Methods Relevant literature was searched and reviewed to study the history, market scale and development trend of DTP pharmacy in the United States and China. Then, the problems in China’s DTP pharmacy were found out. Results and Conclusion DTP pharmacy model in the U.S. has taken shape and is maturing. The high degree of industry concentration is an important feature of the U.S. pharmacy. In contrast, China’s DTP pharmacy started late, and the industry pattern has not yet been finalized. There are still some problems in the DTP pharmacy certification and quality management. It is recommended to promote the rapid development of DTP pharmacies in China by encouraging the outflow of prescription drugs, establishing a third-party pharmacy accreditation organization and strengthening the team of licensed pharmacists and other personnel. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）